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Changes in plant metabolism due to phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals
Polívková, Linda ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Chmelík, Josef (referee)
As a result of human activity, the rate and amount at which various pollutants enter the environment are increasing. Among them, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, whose fate in nature has not yet been fully understood, have a key role to play. Phytoremediation, as an alternative method to the traditionally established methods of remediation of pollutant- contaminated wastewater and soils, has an increasing potential to become an important and ecologically friendly tool for environmental restoration and conservation. In this bachelor thesis, the effect of the pharmaceuticals buspirone, dextromethorphan, ibuprofen, the combination of dextromethorphan and ibuprofen, paroxetine and sulpiride on the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L., DKC 3969) cultivated in vitro in hydroponics under sterile conditions was investigated. The activity and isoenzyme composition of peroxidases, which are among the key components of the antioxidant system, were determined in maize plants. The amount of total soluble proteins in plants was reduced in most cases due to the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals. In contrast, the specific activity of total peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase was increased in most cases, most notably by buspirone, sulpiride and the combination of...
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Antioxidant system of tomato plants exposed to triazole fungicides
Žufić, Antoniana ; Hýsková, Veronika (advisor) ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (referee)
Fungal pathogens cause severe crop losses worldwide. Recently, however, chemical fungicides have become dangerous environmental contaminants affecting non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of triazole fungicides in the form of penconazole (P), tebuconazole (T) or their combination (PT) on tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Cherrola. No significant change in the activity of a key enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate peroxidase and activity of cytosolic peroxides, was detected in leaves, roots or fruits at the intervals studied, i.e. after two and five weekly treatments of P, T or PT, either as a foliar or a soil application. While slightly increased guaiacol peroxidase activity was found in roots due to T spraying and PT combination, the activity of this enzyme was reduced in leaves similar to catalase. The greatest changes in leaf antioxidant capacity correlated with increased phenolic and flavonoid content were observed after five treatments of penconazole (P) as a soil application both P alone and in combination as PT. The studied triazoles significantly affected the abundance of isoforms of superoxide dismutase and partially total peroxides in leaves, roots and fruits and of acorbate peroxidase in leaves. The highest content of HSP70 was found in...
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Abiotické a biotické faktory ovlivňující klíčení rostlin
Berka, Miroslav
Seed germination and early plant development is a crucial phase of plants' life. Multiple internal and external stimuli influence germination progress and have a serious impact on a plant's survival and vitality. Biotic and abiotic stimuli trigger a whole range of changes, both on molecular and developmental levels, but the complex molecular mechanisms regulating these responses are far from being resolved. This thesis reviews the seed germination process and outlines the role of external stimuli in its progress. The experimental part describes the development of a method for seed germination monitoring, provides new insight into the role of hydrogen peroxide in germination, and analyzes effects of cadmium ions, temperature, salt and drought on proteome and metabolome of germinating seeds of Hordeum vulgare. In total, 2000 proteins and 800 metabolites were identified. The analyses revealed over 95 putative abiotic stress markers, including 63 and 36 proteins and metabolites, respectively
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